Riboflavin
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is involved in carbohydrate metabolism as an essential coenzyme in many oxidation reduction reactions riboflavin is essentially nontoxic
Riboflavin deficiency
Riboflavin deficiency usually occurs with other B-vitamin deficiencies. Symptoms and signs include sore throat, lesions of the lips and mucosa of the mouth, glossitis, conjunctivitis, seborrheic dermatitis, and normochomic normocytic anemia.
Diagnosis is usually clinical.
Treatment consists of oral or,if needed ,IM riboflavin
Primary riboflavin deficiency results from inadequate intake of fortified cereals, milk and other animal products.
The most common causes of secondary deficiency are chronic diarrhea, liver disorders, hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, and chronic alcoholism
Symptoms and signs.
The most common signs are pallor and maceration of the mucosa at the angles of the mouth (angular stomatitis) and vermilion surfaces of the lips(cheilosis), eventually replaced by superficial linear fissures.
The fissures can become infected with Candida albicanas, causing grayish white lesions (perleche).
The tongue may appear magenta.
Seborrheic dermatitis develops,usually affecting nasolabial folds,ears,eyelids,and scrotum or labia majora.
These area become red,scaly, and greasy
Rarely neovascularization and keratitis of the cornea occur,causing lacrimation and photophobia
Diagnosis and treatment
The lesion characteristics of riboflavin deficiency are nonspecific. Riboflavin deficiency should be suspected if characteristic signs develop in a patient with other B vitamin deficiencies.
Diagnosis can be confirmed by a therapeutic trial or laboratory testing, usually by measuring urinary excretion of riboflavin.
Riboflavin 2 to 10mg pot id is given until a response is evident, then 2 to 4 mg once/day is given until recovery.
If oral supplementation is ineffective, riboflavin 5 to 20 mg/day IM in single or divided doses can be given. In most cases, other water-soluble vitamins should also be given
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